Ordinary Lathe Structure And Function

The main components of an ordinary lathe are: spindle box, feed box, slide box, tool rest, tailstock, feed rod, lead screw and bed.
1. Spindle box: Also known as headstock, its main task is to pass the rotational motion from the main motor through a series of transmission mechanisms so that the spindle can obtain the required different speeds of forward and reverse directions. At the same time, the spindle box separates the Part of the power transfers motion to the feed box. The main spindle in the spindle box is a key part of the lathe. The stability of the spindle running on the bearing directly affects the processing quality of the workpiece. Once the rotation accuracy of the spindle is reduced, the use value of the machine tool will be reduced.
2. Feed box: Also known as the tool feed box, the feed box is equipped with a transmission mechanism for the feed motion. By adjusting the transmission mechanism, the required feed amount or pitch can be obtained, and the motion is transmitted through the feed rod or screw. to the tool holder for cutting.
3. Lead screw and light rod: used to connect the feed box and the sliding crate, and transmit the movement and power of the feed box to the sliding crate, so that the sliding crate can achieve longitudinal linear motion. The screw is specially designed for turning various threads. When turning other surfaces of the workpiece, only the feed rod is used instead of the screw.
4. Slide box: It is the control box for the lathe's feed movement. It is equipped with a mechanism that converts the rotational motion of the feed rod and the lead screw into the linear motion of the tool holder. The longitudinal feed motion and transverse feed motion of the tool holder are realized through the feed rod transmission. For movement and rapid movement, the screw drives the tool holder to move longitudinally in a straight line to facilitate thread turning.
5. Tool rest: The tool rest component is composed of several layers of tool rests. Its function is to clamp the tool and make the tool move longitudinally, transversely or diagonally.
6. Tailstock: Install the rear center for positioning support. You can also install drill bits, reamers and other hole processing tools for hole processing.
7. Lathe bed: The main components of the lathe are installed on the bed to keep them in accurate relative positions during work.